Fuel pump control by variable transmission



Nov. 4, 1941.

F. NEUGEBAUER ETAL FUEL PUMP CONTROL BY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION Filed Dec. 23, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet Nov. 4, 1941.

F. NEUGEBAUER ETAL FUEL PUMP CONTROL BY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 25, 1937 In ventom Nov. 4; 1941. F. NEUGEBA'UER ETAL 2,261,856

FUEL PUMP CONTROL BY VARIABLE TRANSMISS ION Filed Dec. 25, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet s Inventor! I Nov. 4, 1941.

v F. NEU G EBAUER ETAL 2,261,856

FUEL PUMP CONTROL BY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION Filed Dec. 23, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IIIIIIIIII/ VIII/III!!! Patented Nov.-4, 1941 FUEL PUMP CONTROL BY VARIAB TRANSMISSION Franz Neugebauer and August Lichte, vDessau- Alten,

Germany, assignors' to Junkers Flugzeugund-Motorenwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Dessau;

Germany I Application December 23, 1937, Serial No. 181,292

In Germany December 28, 1936 4 Claims.

This invention relates to fuel pumps and more particularly to fuel injection pumps of the kind used in connection with internal combustion engines of the fuel injection type.

It is an object of the present invention to provide injection pumps which may be used, in

connection with a particular governor, with en-' gines of different sizes. i. e. with engines having a larger or smaller stroke space per cylinder, wherein correspondingly a larger or smaller maximum amount of fuel per working stroke may be combusted.

It is a further object of the invention to provide fuelpumps of the type aforesaid, wherein the amount of the fuel delivery may be varied also with the position of the governor being unaltered.

It is a still further object of this invention to provide fuel pumps which, when used in connection with engines of the type where the denlsity of the working cylinder charge may vary considerably, automatically adjust the fuel delivery to the charge density prevailing at each instant.

Other objects, and the manner in which the same are attained, will appear from the following description.

The present invention contemplates an arrangement for controlling the amount of delivery'of fuel injection pumps of the kind used in connection with-intemal combustion engines of the injection type, which permits of adjusting pumps of particular sizes by means of a governor in a manner such that with a predetermined maximum. throw of the governor the pump supplies larger or smaller maximum amounts of delivery. An arrangement of the type aforesaid renders it possible to use one and the same injection pump together with a particular governor with engines of different sizes, i. e. with engines having a larger or smaller stroke space per cylinder, wherein "correspond ingly a larger or smaller maximum amount of fuel per working stroke may be combusted. Thus .the invention meets the problem of transmitting the throws of the governor to the adjusting 'member of the fuel injection pump so that with the throw .ofv thegovemor remaining equal, this member is adjusted about a larger amount in one case, and about a smaller amount in another case.

In the drawings aflixed to this specification and forming part thereof several embodiments of the invention are shown diagrammatically by 'way of example.

the invention for practical use.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagram indicating conditions in the case of a governor controlling the fuel pump delivery in dependency upon the degree of loading of the engine prevailing at each instant;

Fig. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the invention; x

Figs. 2a and 2b show details of several modifications of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 3 is a diagram indicating the adaptation Y of the pump delivery to the'actual fuel consump-- tion of an engine; a

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate several modifications of the invention;

Fig. 5a is a cross-section taken along line V-V of Fig. 5 while Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate several adaptations of Referring now to the drawings, and flrst to Fig. 1, this diagram illustrates conditions existing witlra governor which controls the fuel pump delivery in dependency upon the degree of loading of'the engine prevailing at each instant. The degrees of loading D are plotted on the abscissa, while on the ordinate there are plotted the quantities of fuel b to be supplied by the injection pump, which quantities must be. combusted in the working cylinder per working stroke with the varying, values of D. These quantities of delivery, proceeding from the value zero (at the degree of loading D=zero) increase with increasing degrees of loading. For the case of an engine cylinder having a particular stroke volume this dependency may be illustrated by the curve a. Herewith there corresponds, to the running light of the engine (degree of loading DL) the amount of fuel bn, while to full load (degree of loading Dv) therecorresponds the amount of fuel bv. For the case of. a working'cylinder having a smaller stroke volume the dependency, upon" the degree of loading, of the amount of fuel per working stroke is illustrated by the curve a. In this case the quantity of delivery bi. corresponds to running light (Dct, while the amount of delivery In corresponds to full 10m (Dv). Now, if in both cases the identical fuel pump and the identicalgovemor shall be used, the power transmission system intermediate the governor and the pump adjusting member must 'be so provided, that with the working cylinder haying. the larger stroke volume, upon adjustment the identical throw of the governor, the pump delivery is varied only from b'r. to b'v, i. e. about the smaller amount (1'.

The present invention meets the problem discussed ,with reference to the diagram shown-in Fig. l, by inserting in the transmission mechanism connecting the governor with the pump, a gearing member which is so provided that the control movements of the governor are trans- I mitted to the delivery adjusting member of the pump to be adjusted by variable leverage, while, with an optionally adjusted leverage, to a predetermined position of the governor member there corresponds a constant position of the member adjusting the fuel delivery of the pump. Preferably the gearing 'member is. provided in theform of a lever which may oscillate about a pivot, the governor and the pump rod applying on such lever in two further pivots, the lever being so provided that the position of one of these pivots maybe varied with respect to the others.

- In the embodiments of the invention shown in Fig. 2, a governor I is provided which responds to the variations of a physical factor occurring with variations of the degree of loading of an internal combustion engine intermediate running idle and full load, for example, to variations in the number of rotations, or to variations of the density of the air charge supplied to the working cylinders The governor I is operatively' connected with a rod 2 which is arranged displaceably along its longitudinal axis and is guided in the guides 3 and 4, a sleeve S'being linked to the end of the rod 2. The sleeve 5 surrounds the free end of the one arm 6 of a double-armed lever 6, 6a which is arranged for pivotal movement about the joint I. The end of the-other arm 6a of this I is displaced to the position M" (closer to S) there corresponds to the governor position S again the same position P of the pump adjusting rod Ill; however, to the governor position S1 now lever is connected, by means of a joint 8, with a rod 10, guided in the stationary guide 9 so as to be displac'eable in the direction of its longitudinal axis, and connected with the adjusting member of the fuel injection pump (not shown). The pivot: point of the lever is formed by the joint I, which is arranged intermediate a sleeve the stationary nut I31: and connected with the rod l2 by a member I adapted to transmit longitudinal displacements only.

If, as shown in Fig. 2, with the joint 'I bein positioned in the pointM, the end of the governor rod 2 is located in a predetermined position, e. g. at S, also the position of the end of the rod l0 (point P) is predetermined. When the end of the governor rod is displaced about the distance m toward the position $1,: the double-armed lever 6, 6a is oscillated about its joint 1, whereby the end of the rod I0 is displaced from P to P1 about the distance 11. As shown in the drawing, the direction oi. displacement of the rod l2 and the joint 1 corresponds to the position of the lever determined by the points S and P. If now the joint 1, by adjustment of the adjusting screw I5, is displaced from the position M to the new corresponds a position P"1 of the rod H) at the larger distance n" from P. Thus the arrangement permits of obtaining, with the governor throw m remaining equal, varying displacements n, n, n" of the rod l0 and thus also'of the pump adjusting member.

With an arrangement of the type aforesaid, it is further desirable to vary the amount of delivery of the fuel injection pump also in the case where the position of the governor remains unaltered. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 2, the pump adjusting rod I0 is divided in two parts. 015 the adjacent ends of these parts, one is provided with a left hand screw thread. l6, while the other carries a right hand screw thread ll, an adjusting nut l8 provided with corresponding screw threads being arranged on the screw threads l6 and I1 so as to bring these parts closer the rod 10 may be replaced, as shown in Fig. 2a,

by a similar arrangement Ilia, Ha and 18a provided on the governor rod2. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 2b, the governor may be arranged displaceably-with respect to its support, for example, by means of an adjusting spindle 20 mounted on the governor I and a nut 20a which may be screwed on' the spindle while being supported against displacement.

An arrangement of the type above referred to permits of so adapting, in a simple manner, the range of adjustment of the amount of delivery of a fuel pump to the fuel consumption of the engine, that the correct amount of fuel is supplied to the working cylinders with all conditions of operation between running light and full load. For this purpose at first the governor is brought into the position, where the longitudinal axis of the gearing lever 6,6(1 coincides with the directlon of displacement of the lever joint I, i. e. where the pump always delivers the same predetermined amount of fuel, regardless of the leverage to which the lever is adjusted. Thereupon the nut l8, or Ila or 20a, respectively, is turned so as to adjust the pump to this particular amount of fuel delivery, for example, to a small amount which is just sufficient to keep engines of varying sizes running, or else to no delivery; thereafter the governor is brought into another position, corresponding e. g. to full load running of the engine, and now by turning the adjusting I screw IS the leverage of the lever 6, 6a is adjusted position M (closer to P), while indeed the lethe new position P'1. Similarly, when the joint in a manner such that theresulting pump delivery,is just adapted to that degree of loading of the engine to be supplied which corresponds to the last-named position of the overnor.

An arrangement of the kind described may also be used in connection with an engine where frequently fulfil their task only incompletely or are even entirely useless.

densities 'y are plotted on the abscissa, while the fuel deliveries per working stroke b are plotted on the ordinate. The line e indicates that fuel amount per working stroke, which may be brought to combustion in the engine in dependency upon the density of the air charge. Let us assume that with the highest occurring den? sity 711 this amount is bu, with the lowest occurring density 711 this amount is 1711. Let us further assume that any optional governor, when directly connected with the pump, yield an adjustment thereof according to the line I, i. e. in a manner such that the pump delivers at the highest density of charge 721 the fuel amount b'h, which is smaller than bu, and at the lowest density of charge ya the fuel amount b'n, which is larger than bn. In order now to adapt the delivery amounts to the actual requirement according to line e, there is again inserted, intermediate the governor and the pump, an arrangement according to Fig. 2 in a manner such that with that position of the governor corresponding to the highest density of charge the direction of the longitudinal axis of the lever 6, 6a coincides with the direction of displacement of the lever joint I. Thereafter, by tuming'the screw I8. the pump delivery is adjusted to'the correct amount bu corresponding to the highest density 'Yh. Thereupon, by turning the screw l5, the leverage is so adjusted that it yields, with an adjustment of the governor in a position corresponding to the lowest density of charge 7n, a decrease of the pumpdelivery to the correct amount bn corresponding to this density of charge 711.

As shown in Fig. 4, the invention may be put into practice by using a one-armed gearing lever. The one end of this lever 23 is connected by a joint 24 with a rod 21, which is arranged in the stationary guide l3 for displacement in the direction of its longitudinal axis and which is connected for this purpose, by means of a member 28, 29 adapted to transmit longitudinal displacements only, with an adjusting screw 30 screwably arranged in the stationary nut l3a. This lever carries two spaced sliding sleeves 2| and 25,the sleeve 2| being connected through a joint 22 with the governor rod 2 guidedin the stationary guide 3, 4, while the sleeve 25 is connected through a joint 26 with the pump adjusting rod Ill guided in the stationary guide 9; By turning the screw 38 the leverage of the lever 23 is varied in a manner similar to that described with respect to Fig. 2. v Fig. again illustrates a one-armed searing lever 34, which is sum i'ted at one end for oscillation about the fixed pivot 35. The governor adjusted in a manner such that to a particular throw of thegovernor there corresponds a larger or smaller adjusting movement of the pump adjusting rod I0.

Fig. 6 illustrates a practical embodiment of the invention according to Fig. 2, adapted for varying the fuel delivery of the fuel injection pumps of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of the injection type in dependency upon the density of the air charge supplied to the cylinders. In a casing 4| which is connected, by

means of the inlet pipes 42, to the air intake pipe of the internal. combustion engine, a governor 43 of the membrane box type is provided. The governor is positively connected with the governor rod guided in the bearings '45 'and 46. The free end of the governor rod 44 includes a toothed portion 41 meshing with a toothed seg-- ment 48, which is connected with the end of an For this purpose rod 2 guided in the guides 4 is connected,

through an intermediate joint 3| and a lever 32,

arm 50 of a double-armed lever 50, 50a. The arm 50a is arranged for displacement in a sleeve 5|, which by ajoint 52 is connected with a rod 54 guided in the fixed guide 53. Sleeve 5| is used to equalize inaccuracies occurring through the engagement of the teeth on segment 48 with rack 41. The radius of the toothed segment 48 is equal to the distance of the rod 54 from the toothed portion 41 of the governor rod 44. Equiaxially with respect to the rod 54 there is provided a rod 55 which is arranged for displacement in the guides 56 and 51 and includes the toothed portions 58 and 59. The toothed portions 58 and 59 coact with the toothed segments 60 and 6| of the adjusting members of the fuel injection pumps 62 and 63 The adjacent ends of the rods 54 and'55 are provided with opposed screw threads 65 and 66 and may be moved closer or further apart by a nut 61 engaging the screw threads. The double-armed lever 58, 50a is further provided with a slide sleeve 10, which by a joint 1| is connected with a rod 12,'which is guided in the guide 13 fixed on the common support 14 so as to be displaceable in the direction of its longitudinal axis. The rod 12 is connected,

. through a member 15 adapted to transmit 1ongitudinal displacements only, with the screw 11 which is arranged for displacement in an eye 16 provided in the common support 14, the screw 11 being provided with a head 18 adapted to facilitatethe adjustment thereof.

A further embodiment of a similar arrangement for controlling the amount of delivery of fuel injection pumps is shown in Fig. '1 in connection with an internal combustion engine of the type where the working cylinders'and the fuel pumps are arranged in two rows. The arvice, which comprisesj. slide valve 8| arranged for displacement in the control cylinder 80 and adapted to control the supply and discharge of a working medium to or from a working cylinder end of the lever 34 is provided in the form of an arcuate slot, wherein a joint member 38 isdisplaceably arranged, as best seen in Fig. 5a. A

lever 31 is pivotally connected with the joint 62, and comprises further the piston 83 arranged for displacement in the working space, and the restoring lever 19. With the piston 83 of the restoring control device a rod consisting of. the parts 84 and 84a is connected, which is guided in the guides 45 and 46 for displacement in the direction of its longitudinal axis. The adjacent ends ofthe parts 84 and 8411 are provided with opposed threads I I8 and -I I8, which are engaged e governor 43, acts, by means v of the governor ro 44, on a restoring control deby an adjusting nut H1. The part 84a is moreover provided, on its free end, with a toothed portion 85, which coacts with the toothed segment 85 provided on the gearing member 50, 50a. The portion 50a of this gearing member carries an additional toothed segment 81, which meshes with the toothed portion 88 provided on the rod 88 which is arranged for longitudinal displacement in the guides 80, 8|, 82, 83 and 94. The radii of the toothed segments 88 and 81 are provided equal to half the distance between the racks 85 and 88. The rod 88 carries on its ends additional toothed portions 850 and 9517, which coact with the toothed segments 86a and 981), which are mounted on the hub bodies 98a and 9817 which in turn are'mounted for rotation about their axes 91a and 81b. With these hub bodies 88a and 98b there are further connected the toothed segments 99a and 8917, which coact with the toothed portions I002: and IBM; provided on the rods lola and llllb which are guided in the guides 102a, IDZb-lli'la, Ililb, The rods illla and Ililb carry further toothed-portions I841, I081), l89a, [09b and a, lllib, vwhich mesh with the toothed segments I a, 4b, 5a, 5b and 8a, 8b, which are connected with the members adjusting the amount of fuel delivered by the fuel pumps Illa, lllb, 2a, 2b and 311,- 3b. The amount of leverage of the gearing lever 50, 50a is varied by the same portions 10|3 and |8, as described with reference to Fig, 6.

We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modialong said lever with the locus of said positions constituting the axis of said lever at a predetermined position within its range of angular movement.

2. In a control mechanism for an engine, a governor, fuel dispensing means, and means for connecting said governor to said dispensing means; said connecting means comprising a lever, rack and gear means for connecting one end of said lever to said governor means, pivotal means for connecting an opposite en'doi said lever to said fuel dispensing means, a fulcrum for said lever, and means mounting said fulcrum on said lever between said rack and gear means and said pivotal means for movement to positions along said lever with the locus of said positions constituting the axis of said lever at a predetermined position within .its range of angular movement.

lever to said fuel dispensingmeans, a pivotally mounted sleeve slidably mounted upon said lever intermediate said rack and gear means and said pivotal means, and means for moving said sleeve to shift the fulcrum for said lever to positions along said lever with the locus of said positions constituting the axis of said'lever at a predetermined position within its range of angular movement.

4. A control device for a variable feed fuel pump of an' internal combustion engine comprising a governor, a rod displaceable in the direction of its longitudinal length by said goverof angular movement.

rods, a fulcrum for said lever arm, means mount- ,ing said fulcrum on said lever arm between said first rod and said secondrod for movement to positions along said lever arm with the locus of said positions constituting the axis of said leverarm at a predetermined posltion within its range FRANZ NEUGEBAUER. AUGUST LICHTE. 

